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Portmaster OverviewThe Portmaster series of routers, manufactured by Lucent Technologies, has been a widely successful network access router for ISP’s to use for both analog and ISDN dial-up access. The following features are some of the factors that make the Lucent Portmaster such a successful product for use as a network access router:
Initial Dip Switch SetupTo access a Portmaster from directly out of the box, you must first set the dip switches on the back of the router appropriately for your type of network. The bank of 5 dip switches are found on the back of the PortMaster unit next to a single green LED. Switches are numbered from left to right. Dip switch 1 is on the far left. 1. Set dip switch 1 ON or UP putting the PortMaster in console mode. This forces port S0 into 9600,8,N,1 which will allow a connection to port S0 over the null modem cable permitting commands to be issued to the PortMaster. Leave dip switch 2 down. When dip switch 2 is ON or UP it forces the PortMaster into a Netboot mode. Leave dip switch 3 down. This dip switch currently has no function it is reserved for future use. Dip switches 4 & 5 set the type of Ethernet connection to be used as shown below: Dip 4 Dip 5 Ethernet Type----------------------------------------------- Down Down Thin Net (BNC, Coaxial, 10-base-2) Down Up Thick Net (AUI, Ethernet D) Up Up Twisted Pair (RJ-45, 10-base-T) NOTE: If you are NOT connecting the PortMaster to an ethernet, set dips 4 and 5 UP, this will suppress warnings when in console mode. 2. Connect the Null modem cable to the S0 port on the PortMaster. 3. Connect the other end of the Null Modem to a DTE device; for example a PC or laptop. 4. Set the DTE device for 9600,8,N,1, xon/xoff. Further Setup OptionsAssign the Ethernet an IPIn this example, the PortMaster has been assigned an IP address of 192.168.0.36 Command> set Ether0 address 192.168.0.36 Local(ether0) address changed from 0.0.0.0 to 192.168.0.36 Command> save all Assign the NetmaskCommand> set Ether0 netmask 255.255.255.192 ether0 netmask changed from 255.255.255.0 to 255.255.255.192 Set the Gateway(If applicable)Command> set gateway 192.168.0.1 Gateway changed from 0.0.0.0 to 192.168.0.1, metric = 1 Command> save all Verify the Initial ConfigurationCommand> sh arp ether0 10.0.0.10 at 00:00:c0:6f:19:5c IP address] [MAC address] Command> ifconfig ether0: flags=16<IP_UP,IPX_DOWN,BROADCAST> inet 10.0.0.1 netmask ffffffc0 broadcast 10.0.0.0 mtu 1500 [IP ADDRESS] [NETMASK] Setting the Administrative PasswordThe PortMaster is shipped without a password. Press Enter at the password prompt when accessing the PortMaster for the first time. The password is an ASCII printable string of up to 16 characters used to access the PortMaster administration features. Only the administrator can change the password. To set the password, use the following command Command> set password Password Using the set password command and pressing Enter resets the password to the default value, which is no password. Setting the System NameThe system name is the name that identifies the PortMaster for SNMP queries, IPX protocol routing, and CHAP authentication. Enter a name that is valid for your network. The system name can have up to 16 characters, and appears in place of the Command> prompt on PortMaster products that have it set. To set the system name, use the following command Command> set sysname String Setting the Default Route GatewayThe default route gateway is the address of a router of last resort to which packets are sent when the PortMaster has no routing information for a packet. The default route gateway is also the destination address the PortMaster selects when it cannot locate the destination of a packet on the local Ethernet segment. You identify the default gateway by its IP address entered in dotted decimal notation. A PortMaster can never be its own default gateway. You can set a metric between 1 and 15 for the IP and IPX gateways to indicate the hop count associated with the gateway route. The PortMaster uses the hop count value for comparisons if the PortMaster is set to listen for default routes from other routers. To set the default gateway, use the following command: Command> set gateway Ipaddress [Metric] If you do not specify a value for Metric, the PortMaster assumes a default value of 1. Configuring Name ResolutionYou can use either a network name service or the host table on the PortMaster to map hostnames to IP addresses. Using the Host TableEach host attached to an IP network is assigned a unique IP address. Every PortMaster supports a local host table to map hostnames to IP addresses. If your network lacks a computer that can perform hostname resolution, the PortMaster allows entries in a local host table. Hostnames are used by the PortMaster only for your convenience when using the command line interface, or if you require users to enter hostnames at the host prompt. To avoid confusion and reduce administrative overhead, Lucent recommends using the Domain Name System (DNS) or Network Information Service (NIS) for hostname resolution rather than the local host table. The PortMaster always checks the local host table before using DNS or NIS. For information on setting the NIS or DNS name service, refer to "Setting the Name Service." Setting the Name ServiceThe PortMaster can work with network name services such as the Network Information Service (NIS) or the Domain Name System (DNS). You must explicitly identify any name service used on your network. The PortMaster stores all information by address rather than name. As a result, configuring the name server is useful only if you are using the command line interface for administration or if you prompt a login user for a host. If you are not using either of these features, you do not need to set the name service. To set the name service, use the following command Command> set namesvc dns|nis Once the name service is set, you must set the address of your NIS or DNS name server and enter the domain name of your network. See "Setting the Name Server" for instructions. Setting the Name ServerThe PortMaster supports RFC 1877, which allows remote hosts also supporting RFC 1877 to learn a name server through PPP negotiation. You must provide the IP address of the name server if you use a name service. You must set a name service before you set a name server. See "Setting the Name Service." If you are not using a name service, you do not need a name server. To set the name server, use the following command Command> set nameserver Ipaddress You can set an alternate name server with the following command: Command> set nameserver 2 Ipaddress You must set a domain name for your network after you set a name server. See "Setting the Domain Name." You can disable the use of a name service by setting the name server's IP address to 0.0.0.0. Setting the Domain NameThe domain name is used for hostname resolution. If you are using DNS or NIS, you must set a domain name for your network. To set the domain name of your network, use the following command: Command> set domain String Displaying the Routing TableUse the following command to display the IP routing table entries: Command> show routes [String|Prefix/NM] You can replace String with ospf or bgp to display only OSPF or BGP routes. Replacing Prefix/NM with an IP address prefix and netmask displays only routes to that destination. Enter the IP address prefix in dotted decimal format and the netmask as a number from 1 to 32, preceded by a slash--for example, /24. The netmask indicates the number of high-order bits in the IP prefix. Setting Static RoutesStatic routes provide routing information unavailable from the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol, or Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). RIP, OSPF, or BGP might not be running for one of the following two reasons. 1) Network administrators choose not to run RIP, OSPF, or BGP. 2) Hosts connected to the PortMaster do not support RIP, OSPF, or BGP. Separate static routes tables are maintained for IP and for IPX, which you display with the show routes and show ipxroutes commands. You construct a static route table manually on a PortMaster by adding and deleting static routes as described in the following sections. Refer to the PortMaster Routing Guide for information about routing and static routes. Adding and Deleting a Static RouteA static route contains the following items:
Note: Never set the gateway for the PortMaster to an address on the same PortMaster; the gateway must be on another router. Use the following commands to add a static route for IP: Command> add route Ipaddress[/NetMask] Ipaddress(gw) Metric Command> save all Use the following commands to delete a static route for IP: Command> delete route Ipaddress[/NetMask] Ipaddress(gw) Command> save all You can delete only static routes. You cannot delete dynamically learned routes. NAS Quick Start Configurationset sysname ISP-PM3-1 #PortMaster name set address 192.168.100.1 #address of PortMaster set netmask 255.255.255.0 #netmask of Ethernet set gateway 192.168.100.254 #default gateway address set loghost 192.168.1.2 #sets the syslog host (optional) set domain ISP.net #domain name (optional) set namesvc dns #dns name service (optional) set nameserver 192.168.25.16 #address name server (optional) set assigned 192.168.100.33 #first number of dynamic pool set broadcast high #set RIP broadcast to ones set default off #do not broadcast or listen for default routes set routing on #listen and broadcast RIP RADIUS configurationsset authentic 192.168.120.10 #RADIUS server address set secret asecret #RADIUS secret in /etc/raddb/clients set accounting 192.168.120.10 #RADIUS server accounting Channelized T1 configurationsset line0 inband #line0 CH-T1 inbound calls set line0 signaling wink #"wink" ,"fxs" , or "immediate" set line0 framing ESF #"ESF" or "D4" set line0 encode B8ZS #"B8ZS" or "AMI" ISDN PRI configurations*set line1 isdn #set line1 to PRI set isdn-switch dms #dms100 | ni-2 | att-5ess Multichassis Multilink PPP configurations set endpoint 00c0050402fa #enable multichassis MPPP #specification is the MAC address of ether 0 Setting up a Dedicated ISDN ConnectionConfigure an IP address and netmaskIn this example, the PortMaster has been assigned an IP address of 192.168.0.36 Command> set Ether0 address 192.168.0.36 Local(ether0) address changed from 0.0.0.0 to 192.168.0.36 Command> save all Next set the ethernet netmask as shown in example below: (The default netmask is set to 255.255.255.0.) Command> set Ether0 netmask 255.255.255.192 ether0 netmask changed from 255.255.255.0 to 255.255.255.192 Setting the Switch TypeTo set the ISDN switch type for an ISDN BRI U interface, use the following commands: Command> set isdn-switch ni-1|dms-100|5ess|5ess-ptp Command> reboot To set the ISDN switch type for an ISDN BRI S/T interface, use the following commands: Command> set isdn-switch net3|vn4|1tr6|ntt|kdd Command> reboot Note: You must reboot the PortMaster after changing the switch type for the change to take effect. Service Profile Identifier (SPID) for ISDN BRIThe service profile identifier (SPID) is a unique number assigned by the telephone company that identifies your ISDN equipment to the telephone company's switch. SPIDs are used with BRI ports only, and only in the United States. A SPID can have up to 20 digits. If you are connecting to a 5ESS point-to-point switch, a SPID is not required. To set the SPID and save the configuration to nonvolatile RAM, use the following commands: Command> set S0 spid Number Command> set S1 spid Number Command> save all The set debug isdn on command shows any invalid SPIDs. Terminal Identifier (TID) for ISDN BRIThe terminal identifier (TID) is a numeric value used by some telephone switches for additional identification. Some telephone companies require the SPID, while others require a TID, as well. When configuring the PortMaster, append the TID to the SPID if required by your carrier. Directory NumberThe optional directory number is a 10-digit phone number provided by the telephone company. If it is set, an incoming call must match this number to determine which port the call should be taken on. Use either of the following commands to set the directory number. Command> set S0 dn Number Command> set S0 directory Number Enter the following command to save the configuration to Flash: Command> save all Creating a LocationYou must create a unique dial-out location for each remote host or router you want to access. Location table entries are identified by this unique location name, which can contain up to 12 characters. To create a location, use the following command: Command> add location Locname Setting the Connection TypeBecause the default method of initiating a connection is manual, you need to use the dial command to cause the PortMaster to manually dial out to a location. You can change the connection to on_demand, continuous, or manual. If you are changing an existing location's connection type, verify that the connection is not active. To configure the connection type, use the following command: Command> set location Locname on_demand|continuous|manual Setting the Telephone NumberThe telephone number setting is used to dial out to the remote location. To set the telephone number of the remote location, use the following command: Command> set location Locname telephone String Setting the Username and PasswordThe username and password are what the PortMaster uses to authenticate itself to the remote host. Note that the username and password you enter here must also be resident on the remote host (in the user table, RADIUS, or other authentication mechanism). To set the username and password, use the following commands: Command> set location Locname username Username Command> set location Locname password Password Setting the ProtocolThe network protocol for a dial-out location can be set for PPP packet encapsulation, SLIP encapsulation, or a Frame Relay subinterface. PPP can be used with either or both IP and IPX packet routing. You should select a protocol that is compatible with the remote location. Note: New location table entries default to PPP. To set the protocol for a location, use the following command: Command> set location Locname protocol slip|ppp|frame|x75-sync Setting the Destination IP AddressThe destination IP address is the IP address expected on the system at the remote end of the dial-out connection. For PPP connections, you can either specify an IP address or have it negotiated. If you enter 255.255.255.255 (negotiated) for the destination IP address, the PortMaster learns the IP address of the remote system during PPP IPCP negotiation. For SLIP connections and locations set for on-demand dialing, enter the IP address or a valid hostname of the system at the remote end of the connection. Note: Assigned addresses are not supported for dial-out locations. To set the destination IP address for a location, use the following command: Command> set location Locname destination Ipaddress Setting the Destination NetmaskIf the host or network on the remote end of the connection requires a netmask, you must define it in the location table. To set the destination netmask for a location, use the following command: Command> set location Locname netmask Ipmask Setting Multilink PPPMultilink PPP V.120 is supported on analog and ISDN interfaces. The PortMaster accepts and detects both multiline load balancing and Multilink PPP connections. Multiple lines can be used to increase bandwidth, either using Multilink PPP as defined in RFC 1717 or using Lucent's multiline load balancing. To enable Multilink PPP, use the following command: Command> set location Locname multilink on Setting RIP RoutingYou can associate RIP routing with locations--for example, a dial on-demand connection where the remote router is defined as a location on the local PortMaster. As described in the PortMaster Routing Guide, PortMaster products automatically send and accept route information as RIP messages, unless configured otherwise. Unless you need RIP, disable it. To set RIP routing for a location, use the following command: Command> set location Locname rip on|off|broadcast|listen Setting the Idle TimerYou can set the idle timer for a location with manual or on-demand connections. This timer defines the length of time the line can be idle, with no network traffic in either direction, before the PortMaster disconnects the connection. You can set the idle time in seconds or minutes, to any value from 0 to 240. The default setting is 0 minutes. If the value is set to 2 seconds or a longer interval, the port is reset after having no traffic for the designated time. The idle timer is not reset by RIP, keepalive, or SAP packets. To disable the idle timer, set the value to 0. Note: Idle timers for dial-in connections are set on each port or for specific users. Idle timers for dial-out connections are set in the location table. To set the idle time for a location with a manual or on-demand connection, use the following command: Command> set location Locname idletime Number [minutes|seconds] Setting the Maximum Number of Dial-Out PortsTo configure load balancing, you must define the number of dial-out ports that can be used to dial and establish a connection with this location. This setting creates a pool of ports that can be used at the same time to establish a connection with this location. If the maximum number of ports is set to 0, no connection with this location is stablished. If the maximum number of ports is set to any number greater than one, the high-water mark is used to determine when additional connections are established with this location. When more than one line is open to a given location, the PortMaster balances the load across each line. When the ports are idle for the time specified by the set location idletime command (see "Setting the Idle Timer" on page 9-10), all ports used for that connection are timed out simultaneously. To set the maximum number of dial-out ports for a location, use the following command: Command> set location Locname maxports Number Setting Bandwidth-on-DemandBandwidth-on-demand determines when an additional line to this location should be established. The PortMaster uses the high-water mark setting to configure bandwidth-on-demand The high-water mark specifies the number of bytes of network traffic that must be queued before the PortMaster opens an additional connection. The PortMaster examines the queue several times a minute to determine if the high-water mark has been reached. If you set a very small threshold number, the PortMaster quickly opens the maximum number of ports you specified for this location. When you are deciding on a threshold, keep in mind that interactive traffic from login users queues a relatively small number of bytes, only several hundred. However, network users doing file transfers can queue several thousand bytes of traffic. These activities should be considered before you set your dial-out threshold. This value is used only when the maximum number of ports is greater than one. The default high-water mark is 0 (zero). To set the high-water mark in bytes for a location, use the following command: Command> set location Locname high_water Number Troubleshooting and DiagnosticsCommand Summary
View current configurationShow Global Configurationsas21.mtvwca> show global System Name: as21.mtvwca Default Host: 0.0.0.0 Alternate Hosts: IP Gateway: 209.24.204.1 Gateway Metric: 1 Default Routing: Quiet (Off) OSPF Priority: 0 OSPF Router ID: 209.24.204.41 Name Service: DNS Name Server: ns.best.com, 204.156.128.10 Domain: pacific.verio.net Telnet Access Port: 23 Loghost: 0.0.0.0 Maximum PMconsole: 2 Assigned Address: 207.21.129.32 (Pool Size 32) RADIUS Server: 206.86.34.10 1645 Alternate Server: 204.247.247.42 1645 Accounting Server: 206.86.34.10 1646 Alt. Acct. Server: 204.247.247.42 1646 ChoiceNet Server: 0.0.0.0 Alt. ChNet Server: 0.0.0.0 PPP Authentication: PAP: on CHAP: on Reported Address: 207.21.128.2 ISDN Switch Type: ni-2 End Point Disc: 925280850001 Disabled Modules: BGP as21.mtvwca> Show Ethernet Interfaceas21.mtvwca> show ether0 Ethernet Status: IP - Enabled IPX - Disabled Interface Addr: as21.mtvwca.pacific.verio.net (209.24.204.41) Netmask: 255.255.255.192 Broadcast Address: 209.24.204.63 IPX Network: 00000000 IPX Frame Type: ETHERNET_802.2 Ethernet Address: 00:c0:05:04:12:57 Routing: RIP(Quiet (Off)) Input Filter: Output Filter: OSPF: on OSPF accept-rip: off OSPF cost: 1 OSPF Hello Int: 10 OSPF Dead Time: 40 as21.mtvwca> View Connections/Show All Port Informationas21.mtvwca> show all Local Addr: 209.24.204.41 Default Host: 0.0.0.0 Gateway: 209.24.204.1 Netmask: 255.255.255.192 DNS Server: 204.156.128.1 Domain: pacific.verio.net Port Speed Mdm Host Type Status Input Output Pend ---- ----- --- ---------------- ------ ------------- ---------- ---------- ---- C0 9600 off Login USERNAME 0 30 0 S0 64000 on ptp52 Netwrk ESTABLISHED 853061774 2418380388 0 S1 64000 on ptp54 Netwrk ESTABLISHED 1297934388 62460404 0 S2 64000 on ptp53 Netwrk ESTABLISHED 870558836 458670162 0 S3 64000 on ptp55 Netwrk ESTABLISHED 1004572077 19712768 0 S4 64000 on Login/ IDLE 1368103731 37621699 0 S5 64000 on Login/ IDLE 861775113 4112536119 0 S6 64000 on Login/ IDLE 1104979525 2991682363 0 S7 64000 on Login/ IDLE 699225241 2745795054 0 S8 64000 on Login/ IDLE 577823990 2093454208 0 S9 64000 on Login/ IDLE 369463116 1260746100 0 S10 64000 on Login/ IDLE 271573600 660100877 0 S11 64000 on Login/ IDLE 89127385 415236795 0 S12 64000 on Login/ IDLE 49704974 244053246 0 S13 64000 on Login/ IDLE 6435306 52126056 0 S14 64000 on Login/ IDLE 2880968 22961410 0 S15 64000 on Login/ IDLE 164718 1717905 0 -- Press Return for More -- ^C as21.mtvwca> Show Connection Statusesas21.mtvwca> show sessions Port User Host/Inet/Dest Type Dir Status Start Idle ---- --------------- ---------------- ------- --- ------------- ------ ------ C0 - - Login In USERNAME 0 0 S0 mousesys-ij 199.108.4.76 Netwrk In ESTABLISHED 4:33 1 S1 ascemail-IJ 209.21.21.17 Netwrk In ESTABLISHED 2:40 0 S2 empack 207.20.147.65 Netwrk In ESTABLISHED 1days 0 S3 posiflex h207-21-126-33.n Netwrk In ESTABLISHED 4 4 S4 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 S5 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 S6 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 S7 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 S8 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 S9 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 S10 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 S11 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 S12 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 S13 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 S14 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 S15 - - Log/Net In IDLE 0 0 -- Press Return for More -- ^C as21.mtvwca> Show Modem Statusas21.mtvwca> show modem Mdm Port Status Speed Compression Protocol Calls Retrain Disconnect --- ---- ------ ----- ----------- -------- ------ ------- ------------ M0 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 192 1 CIRCUIT DISCONNECT M1 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 14 0 CIRCUIT DISCONNECT M2 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M3 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M4 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M5 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M6 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M7 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M8 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M9 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M10 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M11 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M12 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M13 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M14 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M15 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M16 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M17 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M18 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL M19 READY UNKNWN NONE NONE 0 0 NORMAL -- Press Return for More -- ^C as21.mtvwca> Show an Interfaceas21.mtvwca> show S1 --------------------- Current Status - ISDN Port S1 ------------------------ Status: ESTABLISHED Input: 1298005329 Abort Errors: 0 Output: 62830766 CRC Errors: 0 Pending: 0 Overrun Errors: 0 TX Errors: 0 Frame Errors: 0 Modem Status: DCD+ CTS+ TELCO+ Disconnect: Active Configuration Default Configuration -------------------- --------------------- Port Type: Netwrk Login/Netwrk (Dial In & Out) (Security) Line Speed: 64000 64000 Remote Host: ascor-inc.com Netmask: 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 Interface: ptp54 (PPP,Quiet,VJ-Comp,Multilink) Mtu: 1500 1500 Dial Group: 0 Login Message: Welcome to BEST Internet Communications. Pleasanton Server 2 - Port 1 Directory No: as21.mtvwca> View PRI InformationShow a specific Lineas21.mtvwca> show line1 ---------------------- line1 - T1 Primary Rate ISDN --------------- Status: UP Framing: ESF Encoding: B8ZS PCM: u-law Receive Level: +2dB to -7.5dB Alarms Violations ----------------------------- ----------------------------- Blue 1 Bipolar 0 Yellow 1 CRC Errors 11 Receive Carrier Loss 0 Multiframe Sync 98 Loss of Sync 15 as21.mtvwca> show line0 ---------------------- line0 - T1 Primary Rate ISDN --------------- Status: UP Framing: ESF Encoding: B8ZS PCM: u-law Receive Level: +2dB to -7.5dB Alarms Violations ----------------------------- ----------------------------- Blue 0 Bipolar 0 Yellow 1 CRC Errors 3 Receive Carrier Loss 0 Multiframe Sync 127 Loss of Sync 4 as21.mtvwca> Show ISDN Line Statusas21.mtvwca> show isdn D Ports State L1 L2 Change init Up Down -- ------- ------------- ------- ----- ----- ----- 0 S0-S22 UP Active 99days 7 1 6 1 S24-S46 UP Active 99days 6 1 5 as21.mtvwca> Clear an Interfaceas21.mtvwca> reset s6 Resetting port S6 as21.mtvwca> View Debugging Informationas21.mtvwca> set console Setting CONSOLE to admin session as21.mtvwca> set debug 0x51 Setting debug value to 0x51 as21.mtvwca> Received LCP_ECHO_REQUEST on port S0 of 4 bytes containing: 09 17 00 08 f2 ef c4 32 Sending LCP_ECHO_REPLY to port S0 of 8 bytes containing: 0a 17 00 08 91 26 e7 9b as21.mtvwca> set debug 0x00 Setting debug value to 0x0 as21.mtvwca> This page was created in 0.64382 seconds Comments and Questions
Last modified: October 26 2003. |