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T.411    Recommendation T.411  OPEN DOCUMENT ARCHITECTURE (ODA) AND INTERCHANGE FORMAT ă *  INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES ă &CONTENTS HIntroduction 1HScope 2HNormative reference 3HDefinitions 4HConventions H4.1  Names of attributes H4.2  Names of attribute values H4.3  Component and component description H4.4  Introduction of terms 5HGeneral concept of ODA H5.1  Purpose of ODA H5.2  Overall concept of ODA H5.3  Document processing model 6HOverview of the Recommendations in the T.410 series H6.1  T.411 Introduction and general principles H6.2  T.412 Document structures H6.3  T.414 Document profile H6.4  T.415 Open document interchange format (ODIF) H6.5  T.416 Character content architectures H6.6  T.417 Raster graphics content architectures H6.7  T.418 Geometric graphics content architectures 7HInterdependencies of the Recommendations 8HConformance 9HDocument application profile H9.1  General principles for defining a document application profile H9.2  Rules for defining a document application profile AnnexAReferences to other Recommendations, standards and registers AnnexBRelationships with other Recommendations and standards  AnnexCCorrespondence between Recommendation T.73 (1984) and Recommendations in the T.410 series HC.1  Data stream format HC.2  Presentation capabilities descriptor HC.3  Attributes Annex D Principles for the assignment of ASN.1 object identifier values  Annex E Use of MHS to interchange documents conforming to the T.410 series of Recommendations ) H Introduction  HRecommendation T.411 is one of the T.410 series of Recommendations which has been prepared by CCITT COM VIII/WP 2 for the interchange of documents in the context of document architecture transfer, and manipulation.  HThis series of Recommendations specifies a document architecture (known as the "Open Document Architecture" ODA) and an interchange format (known as the "Open document interchange format" ODIF). HThe T.410 series of Recommendations consists of:  H Rec. T.411: Open document architecture (ODA) and interchange format Introduction and general principles;' H Rec. T.412: Document structures; H Rec. T.414: Document profile; H Rec. T.415: Open document interchange format (ODIF); H Rec. T.416: Character content architectures; H Rec. T.417: Raster graphics content architectures; H Rec. T.418: Geometric graphics content architectures. HNote At present, there is no Recommendation T.413 HOther Recommendations may be added to this series. HThe T.410 series of Recommendations supersedes Recommendation T.73 (1984) HDevelopment of the T.410 series has been in parallel with: H ECMA101: "Office document architecture";  H ISO 8613: "Information processing Text and office systems Office document architecture (ODA) and interchange format".' 1 H Scope  1.1HThe purpose of the T.410 series of Recommendations is to facilitate the interchange of documents.  HIn the context of the T.410 series, documents are considered to be items such as memoranda, letters, invoices, forms and reports, which may include pictures and tabular material. The content elements used within the documents may include graphic characters, geometric graphics elements and raster graphics elements, all potentially within one document.  HNote The T.410 series is designed to allow for extensions, including typographical features, colour, spreadsheets and additional types of content such as sound.  1.2HThe T.410 series applies to the interchange of documents by means of data communications.  HThe T.410 series provides for the interchange of documents for either or both of the following purposes: H to allow presentation as intended by the originator; H to allow processing such as editing and reformatting. HThe composition of a document in interchange can take several forms: H formatted form, allowing presentation of the document; @) H processable form, allowing processing of the document; H formatted processable form, allowing both presentation and processing.  HThe T.410 series also provides for the interchange of ODA information structures used for the processing of interchanged documents.  HFurthermore, the T.410 series allows for the interchange of documents containing one or more different types of content, such as character text, images, graphics and sound. 1.3HThis Recommendation: H introduces the T.410 series as a whole;  H gives the references necessary for all the Recommendations pertaining to this series; H defines terms used in the context of the T.410 series; H presents the concepts of the document architecture; H gives an overview of all the Recommendations in the T.410 series; H describes the interdependencies of these Recommendations; H defines conformance to the T.410 series; H gives rules for defining document application profiles.  HAnnex A lists other Recommendations, standards and registers to which references are made, but that are not indispensable for the application of the T.410 series.  HAnnex B describes the relationships of the T.410 series with other Recommendations and standards.  HAnnex C describes the correspondence between Recommendation T.73 and the T.410 series of Recommendations.  HAnnex D establishes the Principles for the assignment of ASN.1 object identifier values in the T.410 series of Recommendations.  HAnnex E defines the use of MHS to interchange documents conforming to the T.410 series of Recommendations. 2 H Normative references  HThe following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the T.410 series of Recommendations. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Recommendation are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.  HThe following references are applicable to the whole of the T.410 series of Recommendations.  H Rec. T.4 (1984): Standardization of group 3 facsimile apparatus for document transmission'  H Rec. T.6 (1984): Facsimile coding schemes and coding control functions for group 4 facsimile apparatus' H Rec. T.50 (1984): International alphabet No. 5' H Rec. T.60 (1984): Terminal equipment for use in the teletex service' H Rec. T.101 (1984): International interworking for videotex services' H Rec. X.208 (1988): Specification of abstract syntax notation one (ASN.1)'  H Rec. X.209 (1988): Specification of basic encoding rules for abstract syntax notation one (ASN.1)'  H Rec. T.412 (1988): Open document architecture (ODA) and interchange format Document structures' (&  H Rec. T.414 (1988): Open document architecture (ODA) and interchange format Document profile'  H Rec. T.415 (1988): Open document architecture (ODA) and interchange format Open document interchange format (ODIF)'  H Rec. T.416 (1988): Open document architecture (ODA) and interchange format Character content architectures'  H Rec. T.417 (1988): Open document architecture (ODA) and interchange format Raster graphics content architectures'  H Rec. T.418 (1988): Open document architecture (ODA) and interchange format Geometric graphics content architectures'  H ISO 2022 (1986): Information processing ISO 7bit and 8bit coded character sets Code extension techniques'  H ISO 6429 (1983): Information Processing ISO 7bit and 8bit coded character sets Additional control functions for characterimaging devices1)'  H ISO 69371 (1983): Information processing Coded character sets for text communication Part 1: General introduction'  H ISO 69372 (1983): Information Processing Coded character sets for text communication Part 2: Latin alphabetic and nonalphabetic graphic characters'  H ISO 69373 (1983): Information processing Coded character sets for text communication Part 3: Control functions for pageimage format1)'  H ISO 8601: Data elements and interchange format Information interchange Representation of dates and times2)'  H ISO 86321 (1987): Information processing systems Computer graphics Metafile for the storage and transfer of picture description information (CGM) Part 1: Functional specification'  H ISO 86323 (1987): Information processing systems Computer graphics Metafile for the storage and transfer of picture description information (CGM) Part 3: Binary encoding'  H ISO 95411: Information processing Font and character information interchange Part 1: introduction (2)'  H ISO 95412: Information processing Font and character information interchange Part 2: Registration and naming procedures2)'  H ISO 95415: Information processing Font and character information interchange Part 5: Font attributes and character model2)'  H ISO 95416: Information processing Font and character information interchange Part 6: Font and character attribute subsets and applications2)' 3 H Definitions  HFor the purposes of the T.410 series of Recommendations, the following definitions apply: 3.1H active position  HThe point at which the action specified by the next character is to be effected.  1)HUnder revision. 2)HTo be published. / 3.2H aligned around  HA tabulation alignment that positions the sequence of character images for a specified character string such that the position point of the character image of the first instance of a specified group of characters within that string is positioned at the tabulation stop. 3.3H aspect ratio  HThe ratio of the dimension of a pel array in the direction of the pel path to the dimension on the direction of the line progression. 3.4H assured reproduction area  HThe rectangular area that remains on the nominal page after deducting an agreed allowance for edge losses. 3.5H attribute  HAn element of a constituent of a document that has a name and a value and that expresses a characteristic of this constituent or a relationship with one or more constituents. 3.6H available area  HThe area determined by the document layout process into which the content portion is formatted by the content layout process. 3.7H basic component  HA basic logical or layout object, or an object class from which basic logical or layout objects may be derived. 3.8H basic layout object HAn object in the specific layout structure that has no subordinate. 3.9H basic logical object HAn object in the specific logical structure that has no subordinate. 3.10H basic measurement unit (BMU) HA unit of linear measurement equal to 1/1200 of 25.4 mm.  HNote A locally defined scaling factor may be used to map the document to a particular imaging device. 3.11H basic value  HAn attribute value, a control function parameter value or the value of any other capability that is unconditionally allowed in document interchange in the context of a given document application profile. 3.12H binding  HA pair comprising an identifier and a value, where the value may be of any type, may be specified by an expression, and is accessed through use of the binding identifier. 3.13H block  HA type of basic layout component that corresponds to a rectangular area within a frame or a page. 3.14H bottom edge  HThe edge of the positioning area of a basic layout object that is in the direction of the line progression. 3.15H bottom left corner  HThe corner of a layout object that is least progressed in the horizontal direction and most progressed in the vertical direction of this layout object. 3.16H bottom right corner  HThe corner of a layout object that is most progressed both in the horizontal and vertical directions of this layout object. & 3.17H centred  H1)  The result of a layout or imaging process that positions the sequence of character images for a line such that the distance from the line home position to the position point of the first character image is approximately equal to the distance from the escapement point of the last character image to the end edge of the positioning area.'  H2)  A tabulation alignment that positions the sequence of character images for a specified character string such that the distance from the position point of the first character image to the tabulation stop is approximately equal to the distance from the tabulation stop to the escapement point of the last character image.'  HNote The term "centred" is also used in the parameter "alignment" of the attribute "position" and in the attribute "block alignment". 3.18H character  HA member of a set of elements used for the organization, control and representation of information. 3.19H character base line  HA line across a character image, in the horizontal direction when the character image is in its intended viewing orientation. 3.20H character image HThe human perceptible rendering of a character on a presentation medium. 3.21H character orientation HThe direction of the character base line relative to the character path. 3.22H character path HThe direction of progression of successive character images within a line box. 3.23H character sequence HA sequence of characters intended to be presented as one or more lines. 3.24H characters spacing (for constant spacing fonts only)  HThe distance between the position points of successive character images when the inter character space equals zero. 3.25H clipped array  HThe actual pel array to be imaged as determined by taking account of all clipping parameters. 3.26H complete generator set  HA constituent of a document consisting of a document root object class description and at least one level of subordinate object class descriptions which are used to control the creation and/or modification of the set of object descriptions representing a corresponding specific structure. 3.27H component HAn object or an object class. 3.28H composite component  HA composite logical or layout object, or an object class from which composite logical or layout objects may be derived. 3.29H composite layout object HAn object in the layout structure that has one or more subordinate objects. 3.30H composite logical object HAn object in the logical structure that has one or more subordinate objects. 3.31H constant spacing  HThe characteristic of a font wherein the distance between the position point and the escapement point is the same for all character images. @) 3.32H constituent  HA set of attributes that is one of the following types: a document profile, an object description, an object class description, a presentation style, a layout style or a content portion description. 3.33H content  HThe information conveyed by the document, other than the structural information, and that is intended for human perception. 3.34H content architecture  HRules for defining the internal structure and representation of the content of basic components in terms of a set of content elements, attributes and control functions, and guidelines for the presentation of the content. 3.35H content architecture class  HThe rules for defining the internal structure and representation of the content of basic components in one of a set of forms defined for each type of content element.  HNote Examples of content architecture classes are formatted form, processable form and formatted processable form in the case of character content elements. 3.36H content architecture level  HAn identified subset of the features pertaining to a content architecture class. 3.37H content editing process HThe process that creates new content or modifies previous content. 3.38H content element HA basic element of the content of a document. 3.39H content layout process  HThe process that, interacting with the document layout process, consists of the formatting of content portions into available areas and the determination of the sizes of blocks in accordance with information contained in the presentation styles. 3.40H content portion  HThe result of partitioning the content of a document according to its logical and/or layout structure. 3.41H content portion description  HA constituent of a document, representing a content portion that consists of content information and attributes to specify the properties of its content information. 3.42H content type  HA category of content elements such as graphic characters, raster graphic elements and geometric graphic elements. 3.43H control function  HAn element of a character set that affects the recording, processing, transmission or interpretation of data, and that has a coded representation consisting of one or more bit combinations.  HNote Examples of control functions are Select Graphic Rendition (SGR) in character content architectures and Set Line Type in geometric graphics content architectures. 3.44H current layout position  HThe identification of a lowest level frame which is maintained during the layout process for each layout stream which occurs. 3.45H data structure  HA set of data items and the relationship among them representing the whole or a part of a constituent. 0'  HNote The data items constituting a data structure represent attributes of the document, the document profile, the component, the style or the content portion concerned. 3.46H description HA constituent that corresponds to a structural element. 3.47H descriptor  HA data structure representing the document profile, an object class description, a layout style, a presentation style or an object description. 3.48H document  HA structured amount of information intended for human perception, that can be interchanged as a unit between users and/or systems. 3.49H document application profile  HThe specification of a combination of features defined in the T.410 series, intended to form a subset to fulfil the requirements of an application. 3.50H document architecture  H1)  Rules for defining the structure of documents, in terms of a set of components and content portions, and the representation of documents in terms of constituents and attributes.'  H2)  The structural information of a document consisting of the set of one or more of the following structures: specific logical structure, specific layout structure, generic logical structure and/or generic layout structure.' 3.51H document architecture class  HThe rules for defining the structure and representation of documents in formatted form, processable form or formatted processable form. 3.52H document architecture level  HAn identified subset of the features pertaining to a document architecture class. 3.53H document body  HThe part of a document that may include a generic logical and layout structure, specific logical and layout structure, layout and presentation styles but excludes the document profile. 3.54H document class  HA set of logical object class descriptions, layout object class descriptions, generic content portion descriptions, styles and a document profile, that specifies a set of documents with common characteristics. 3.55H document class description HThe specification of a document class. 3.56H document layout process  HThe process that creates a specific layout structure in accordance with the generic layout structure and information contained in the specific logical structure, the generic logical structure and the layout styles. 3.57H document layout root  HThe composite object of the specific layout structure at the highest level of the hierarchy. 3.58H document logical root  HThe composite object of the specific logical structure at the highest level of the hierarchy. 3.59H document profile  HA set of attributes which specifies the characteristics of the document as a whole. 0' 3.60H document profile level HAn identified subset of the features pertaining to the document profile. 3.61H editing process  HThe stage of a document processing that consists of the content editing process and the logical structure editing process. 3.62H endaligned  H1)  The result of a layout or imaging process that positions the sequence of character images for a line such that the escapement point of the last character image is positioned at the end edge of the positioning area.'  H2)  A tabulation alignment that positions the sequence of character images for a specified character string such that the escapement point of the last character image is positioned at the tabulation stop.' 3.63H end edge  HThe edge of the positioning area of a basic layout object that is in the direction of the character path. 3.64H escapement point  HA reference point associated with a character image that is used for positioning of the next character image. 3.65H external document class  HA document class referred to by the document profile of an interchanged document containing no generic structure. 3.66H factor set  HOne or more object class descriptions which are used to factorise the attributes of object descriptions representing a specific structure. 3.67H filing  HThe storage of a document according to some defined method in order to facilitate retrieval of the document. 3.68H font HA set of character images normally with a common design and size. 3.69H font size HThe height of the character images in a font. 3.70H formatted form  HA form of representation of a document that allows the presentation of the document as intended by the originator and that does not support editing and (re)formatting. 3.71H formatted processable form  HA form of representation of the document that allows presentation of the document as intended by the originator and also supports editing and (re)formatting. 3.72H formatting HThe carrying out of operations to determine the layout of a document. 3.73H frame  HA type of composite layout component that corresponds to a rectangular area within a page or another frame. 3.74H generic content portion HA content portion associated with an object class. 3.75H generic content portion description HA content portion description associated with an object class description. %  3.76H genericdocument  HA structured amount of information intended for the interchange of generic structures, and optionally associated styles and content portions, for use in the processing of interchanged documents. 3.77H generic layout structure HA set of layout object classes and associated generic content portions. 3.78H geometric logical structure HA set of logical object classes and associated generic content portions. 3.79H geometric graphic element HA graphic element used to describe an image by geometric graphical means.  HNote Geometric graphic elements include those describing primitive geometric shapes such as points, arcs, lines. 3.80H graphic character  HA member of a set of graphic symbols used for the representation of information.  HNote Graphic characters include simple alphanumeric characters (for example, accented letters) and pictorial characters (for example, mosaics). 3.81H graphic element HA content element that is capable of having a visual representation.  HNote Three types of graphic elements are distinguished in the T.410 series of Recommendations: graphic characters, geometric graphics elements and raster graphics elements. 3.82H hard line terminator  HA line terminator that is intended not to be removed in a reformatting process. 3.83H horizontal direction (of a layout object)  HThe direction in a layout object relative to which content architectures may define attributes determined using the horizontal axis of the page. 3.84H imaging order  HThe order of precedence of layout objects for imaging in the layout object to which they are immediately subordinate. 3.85H imaging process  HThe process of producing a document on a presentation medium in human perceptible form, making use of the document profile, specific and generic layout structures, presentation styles and content portions. 3.86H indentation  HThe result of a layout or imaging process that causes the sequence of character images for a line to begin at a distance from the line home position in the direction of the character path. 3.87H initial point  H1)  The point associated with a basic layout object relative to which all line boxes imaged within that basic layout object are positioned (character content architectures Recommendation T.416).'  H2)  The point associated with a basic layout object relative to which all pels imaged within that basic layout object are positioned (raster graphics content architectures Recommendation T.417).' 3.88H interchange  HThe process of transferring a document from an originating system to a receiving system. 3.89H interchange data element HA data structure representing a constituent of a document. &  3.90H interchange format HThe rules for representing a document for the purpose of interchange. 3.91H interchange format class HA form of interchange format suitable to a specific application.  HNote In the T.410 series of Recommendations, the defined classes differ by the ordering of the interchange data elements or by the coding. 3.92H intercharacter space  HAn additional amount of spacing that is included between adjacent character images. 3.93H intersection  HThe common area of two or more layout objects that overlap each other partially or fully on the presentation medium. 3.94H item identifier  HA string of characters preceding the first line of characters in a content portion that is used to identify the subsequent text. 3.95H justified  HThe result of a layout or imaging process that varies the width of the space character and/or the intercharacter space to produce a simultaneously startaligned and endaligned presentation of the text. 3.96H kern  HThe part of a character which extends beyond its position point or escapement point. 3.97H layout category  HThe association of basic logical objects with lowest level frames such that the content of these basic logical objects is placed in the appropriate frames. 3.98H layout object  HAn element of the specific layout structure of a document, for example, page, block. 3.99H layout object class  HAn element of the generic layout structure from which a set of layout objects with common characteristics may be derived, for example, pages with common headers and footers. 3.100H layout process  HThe stage of a document processing that consists of the document layout process and the content layout process. HNote This is also referred to as formatting. 3.101H layout stream HA set of basic logical objects pertaining to the same layout category. 3.102H layout structure  H1)  The result of dividing and subdividing the content of a document into increasingly smaller parts, on the basis of the presentation, for example, into pages, blocks.'  H2)  All layout objects and associated content portions forming the layout hierarchy of a document.' 3.103H layout style  HA constituent of the document, referred to/from a logical component, that guides the creation of a specific layout structure. P+  3.104H leading edge  HThe edge of a frame or block that is orthogonal to the direction of the layout path and that is met first, from the outside of the frame or the block, in the opposite direction of the layout path. 3.105H left hand edge  HThe edge of a frame or block that is parallel to the direction of the layout path and that is met first, from the outside of the frame or the block, in the direction at an angle of 270o counterclockwise relative to the direction of the layout path. 3.106H line box HA rectangular area within which a sequence of character images are positioned. 3.107H line home position HThe point within a line box that is used for positioning that line box. 3.108H line progression  H1)  The direction of progression of successive line boxes within a basic layout object (character content architectures Recommendation T.416).'  H2)  the direction of progression of successive lines of pels within a basic layout object (raster graphics content architectures Recommendation T.417).' 3.109H lines spacing  H1)  The distance between two adjacent reference lines within a basic layout object (character content architectures Recommendation T.416).'  H2)  The distance between two adjacent lines of pels within a basic layout object (raster graphics content architectures Recommendation T.417).' 3.110H line terminator  HA control function or combination of control functions that indicates the end of a line or the end of a character sequence. 3.111H logical object  HAn element of the generic logical structure of a document which may have a meaning that is significant to the application or user, for example, chapter, section, paragraph. 3.112H logical object class  HAn element of the generic logical structure from which a set of logical objects with common characteristics may be derived, for example, composite logical objects representing sections with a common internal structure. 3.113H logical structure  H1)  The result of dividing and subdividing the content of a document into increasingly smaller parts, on the basis of the humanperceptible meaning of the content, for example, into chapters, sections, paragraphs.'  H2)  All logical objects and associated content portions representing the logical hierarchy of a document.' 3.114H logical structure editing process  HThe process that creates a new specific logical structure or modifies a previous specific logical structure and allocates or reallocates content to basic logical objects. 3.115H mandatory attribute  HAn attribute which, when applicable to a constituent, must be specified explicitly in that constituent. )  3.116H nominal page  HA rectangular area which, as assumed by the sender of a document, has the ideal size of the presentation surface. HNote Examples of ideal sizes are given in ISO 216. 3.117H nonbasic  HA qualifier for attribute values, control function parameter values and other capabilities that are only allowed in document interchange in the context of a given document application profile if their use is declared in the document profile. 3.118H nonmandatory attribute  HAn attribute which, when applicable to a constituent, need not be specified explicitly; if the attribute is not specified explicitly in a given constituent, the attribute does not apply. 3.119H object  HAn element of the specific layout structure or of the specific logical structure. 3.120H object class  HAn element of a generic structure from which objects with common characteristics may be derived. 3.121H object class description  HA set of attributes that specify the properties of an object class including its relationships, if any, with other components. 3.122H object description  HA set of attributes that specify the properties of an object including its relationships, if any, with other components. 3.123H object type  HA property of every component that specifies which attributes are permitted in the description to which it applies and indicates the role of the component in the document architecture. 3.124H orphan  HOne or more lines of text that is associated with subsequent text but isolated from it by a page or column boundary. 3.125H overhang  HThe result of a layout or imaging process that positions the sequence of character images for a line to begin at a distance from the line home position in the direction opposite to the character path. 3.126H page  HA layout component that corresponds to a rectangular area used for presenting the content of the document. 3.127H page coordinate system  HAn orthogonal coordinate system whose origin is the top left corner of the page; its horizontal axis and its vertical axis coincide with the top edge and the left edge of the page, respectively. 3.128H page set  HA composite layout component that represents a collection of pages or further page sets. 3.129H pairwise kerning  HThe distance between two adjacent character images depending on the combination of the two characters together rather than separately. &  3.130H parallel annotation  HTwo sequential character strings that are presented in parallel, wherein the second string is used to indicate the pronunciation or interpretation of the first string. 3.131H partial generator set  HA collection consisting of hierarchically related object class descriptions which are used to guide the creation of hierarchically related corresponding object descriptions but does not fully specify all specific structures that may be created. 3.132H pel array HA twodimensional array of pels used to represent a pictorial image. 3.133H pel path  HThe direction of progression of successive pels along a line within a basic layout object. 3.134H pel spacing  HThe distance between any two successive pels along a line within a basic layout object. 3.135H picture element (pel)  HThe smallest graphic element that can be independently addressed within a picture; (an alternative term for raster graphics element). 3.136H positioning area  HThe rectangular area within a basic layout object within which the position points and the escapement points of all character images are located. 3.137H position point  HThe point relative to which the character image is placed i.e. the character is imaged with the position point at the active position. 3.138H presentation HThe operation of rendering a document in a form perceptible to a human being. 3.139H presentation medium HThe carrier of information in a form perceptible to a human being. 3.140H presentation style  HA constituent of the document, referred to from a basic logical or layout component, which guides the format and appearance of the document content. 3.141H presentation surface  HA twodimensional presentation medium (such as paper, film, video display screen) on which the formatted form of a document may be displayed for human viewing. 3.142H processable form HA form of representation of a document that allows editing and formatting. 3.143H processing  HThe carrying out of operations on a document, including editing, reformatting, presentation, filing and retrieval. 3.144H raster graphics element HAn alternative term for a picture element (pel). 3.145H reformatting  HThe carrying out of operations to determine the new layout of a previously formatted document. H* 3.146H reference area  HA rectangular area within a basic layout object, with its side equal to the pel spacing and the line spacing, within which the main part of a pel is imaged. 3.147H reference line HA line through the line home position and parallel to the character path. 3.148H reference point  HThe point at the corner of the reference area situated in the opposite direction of both pel path and line progression and which is used for positioning a pel. 3.149H region of interest  HA rectangular area within a virtual device coordinate space, with sides which are parallel to the axes of its coordinate system, surrounding those (parts of) geometric graphics elements that are intended to be imaged. 3.150H resource document  HA genericdocument containing one or more object class descriptions referred to by one or more object class descriptions of another document. 3.151H retrieval HThe recovery of previously filed information. 3.152H right hand edge  HThe edge of a frame or block that is parallel to the direction of the layout path and that is met first, from the outside of the frame or the block, in the direction at an angle of 90o counterclockwise relative to the direction of the layout path. 3.153H scaled measurement unit (SMU)  HA unit of linear measurement used for positioning and dimensioning layout objects and content elements on a presentation surface, its value being equal to the basic measurement unit (BMU) times the unit scaling. 3.154H sequential layout order  HThe sequential order in which layout objects are to be imaged when an imaging order is not specified. 3.155H sequential logical order  HThe sequential order in which logical objects are to be processed by the layout process. 3.156H sequential order  HA convention for ordering the objects in a structure such that each object is succeeded by all of its immediate subordinates, before any other object with the same immediate superior, i.e. in order tree traversal. 3.157H soft line terminator  HA line terminator that is allowed to be removed, relocated or replaced in a subsequent layout process. 3.158H spacing ratio HThe ratio of line spacing to pel spacing. 3.159H specific layout structure HA set of layout objects and associated content portions. 3.160H specific logical structure HA set of logical objects and associated content portions. 8( 3.161H startaligned  H1)  The result of a layout or imaging process that positions the sequence of character images for a line such that the position point of the first character image of that sequence is positioned on the line home position or at the point specified by the first line indentation or overhang if any.'  H2)  A tabulation alignment that positions the sequence of character images for a specified character string such that the position point of the first character image of that sequence is positioned at the tabulation stop.' 3.162H start edge  HThe edge of the positioning area of a basic layout object that is in the direction opposite to the character path. 3.163H structural element  HThe structural elements of a document are the content portion, the object and the object class. 3.164H tabulation alignment  HA layout or imaging process that causes the sequence of character images for a specified character string to be positioned according to a specified method, (startaligned, endaligned, centred or alignedaround) at a specified point (tabulation stop) along a reference line. 3.165H tabulation stop  HA position along a reference line that is to be used for a specified method (startaligned, endaligned, centred or alignedaround) of tabulation alignment. 3.166H text unit HA data structure representing a content portion description. 3.167H top edge  HThe edge of the positioning area of a basic layout object that is in the direction opposite to the line progression. 3.168H top left corner  HThe corner of a layout object that is least progressed both in the horizontal and vertical directions of this layout object. 3.169H top right corner  HThe corner of a layout object that is most progressed in the horizontal direction and least progressed in the vertical direction of this layout object. 3.170H trailing edge  HThe edge of a frame or block that is orthogonal to the direction of the layout path and that is met first, from the outside of the frame or the block, in the direction of the layout path. 3.171H unit scaling  HA scaling factor (an integer or a fraction) that is applied to the basic measurement unit (BMU) to derive a scaled measurement unit (SMU). 3.172H variable spacing  HThe characteristic of a font wherein the distance between the position point and the escapement point for different character images may be different. 3.173H widow  HOne or more lines of text associated with preceding text but isolated from it by a page or column boundary.