Router D: Route by way of Router B is removed
from the topology table. This is the successor route. Router D
has no feasible successor identified. Router D must complete a
new route computation. In Router C: Route to Network A
by way of Router D is down. Route by way of Router D is removed
from the table. This is the feasible successor route for Router
C. In Router D: Router D has no feasible successor. It
cannot switch to an identified alternative backup route. Router
D must recompute the topology of the network. The path to
destination Network A is set to Active. Router D sends a query
packet to all connected neighbors, Router C and Router E,
requesting topology information. Router C does have a previous
entry for Router D. Router D does not have a previous entry for
Router E. In Router E: Route to Network A through Router
D is down. The route by way of Router D is taken down. This is
the successor route for Router E. Router E does not have a
feasible route identified. Note that the Reported Distance cost
of routing by way of Router C is 3, the same cost as the
successor route by way of Router D. In Router C: Router
E sends a query packet to Router C. Router C removes Router E
from the table. Router C replies to Router D with new route to
Network A. In Router D: Route status to destination
Network A is still marked as Active. Computing has not been
completed yet. Router C has replied to Router D to confirm that
a route to destination Network A is available with a cost of 5.
Router D is still waiting for a reply from Router E. In
Router E: Router E has no feasible successor to reach
destination Network A. Router E, therefore, tags the status of
the route to destination network as Active. Router E will have
to recompute the network topology. Router E removes the route
by way of Router D from the table. Router E sends a query to
Router C, requesting topology information. Router E already has
an entry by way of Router C. It is at a cost of 3, the same as
the successor route. In Router E: Router C replies with
an RD of 3. Router E can now set the route by way of Router C
as the new successor with an FD of 4 and an RD of 3. Router E
replaces the “Active” status of the route to destination
Network A with a “Passive Status”. Note that a route will have
a “Passive Status” by default, as long as hello packets are
being received. In this example, only “Active Status” routes
are flagged. In Router E: Router E sends a reply to
Router D informing of Router E topology information. In
Router D: Router D receives the reply packed from Router E,
informing of Router E topology information. Router D enters
this data for the route to destination Network A by way of
Router E. This route becomes an additional successor route as
the cost is the same as routing by way of Router C and the RD
is less than the FD cost of 5. Convergence has occurred among
all EIGRP routers using the DUAL algorithm.
Content
3.2 EIGRP Configuration 3.2.1 Configuring
EIGRP Despite the complexity of DUAL, configuring EIGRP can
be relatively simple. EIGRP configuration commands vary
depending on the protocol that is to be routed. Some examples
of these protocols are IP, IPX, and AppleTalk. This section
covers EIGRP configuration for the IP protocol. Perform the
following steps to configure EIGRP for IP: - Use the
following to enable EIGRP and define the autonomous system:
router(config)#router eigrp
autonomous-system-number The autonomous system number is
used to identify all routers that belong within the
internetwork. This value must match all routers within the
internetwork.
- Indicate which networks belong to the
EIGRP autonomous system on the local router by using the
following command: router(config-router)#network
network-number The network-number is the network number
that determines which interfaces of the router are
participating in EIGRP and which networks are advertised by the
router. The network command configures only connected
networks. For example, network 3.1.0.0, which is on the far
left of the main Figure, is not directly connected to Router A.
Consequently, that network is not part of the configuration of
Router A.
- When configuring serial links using EIGRP,
it is important to configure the bandwidth setting on the
interface. If the bandwidth for these interfaces is not
changed, EIGRP assumes the default bandwidth on the link
instead of the true bandwidth. If the link is slower, the
router may not be able to converge, routing updates might
become lost, or suboptimal path selection may result. To set
the interface bandwidth, use the following syntax:
router(config-if)#bandwidth kilobits The
bandwidth command is only used by the routing process and
should be set to match the line speed of the interface.
- Cisco also recommends adding the following command to all
EIGRP configurations: router(config-if)#eigrp
log-neighbor-changes This command enables the logging of
neighbor adjacency changes to monitor the stability of the
routing system and to help detect problems.
Lab
Activity Lab Exercise: Configuring EIGRP Routing This lab
is to setup an IP addressing scheme for the network. Lab
Activity e-Lab Activity: Configuring EIGRP In this lab, the
student will configure EIGRP routing.
Content 3.2
EIGRP Configuration 3.2.2 Configuring EIGRP
summarization EIGRP automatically summarizes routes at the
classful boundary. This is the boundary where the network
address ends, as defined by class-based addressing. This means
that even though RTC is connected only to the subnet 2.1.1.0,
it will advertise that it is connected to the entire Class A
network, 2.0.0.0. In most cases auto summarization is
beneficial because it keeps routing tables as compact as
possible. However, automatic summarization may not be the
preferred option in certain instances. For example, if there
are discontiguous subnetworks auto-summarization must be
disabled for routing to work properly. To turn off
auto-summarization, use the following command:
router(config-router)#no auto-summary With EIGRP, a
summary address can be manually configured by configuring a
prefix network. Manual summary routes are configured on a
per-interface basis, so the interface that will propagate the
route summary must be selected first. Then the summary address
can be defined with the ip summary-address eigrp
command: router(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp
autonomous-system-number ip-address mask
administrative-distance EIGRP summary routes have an
administrative distance of 5 by default. Optionally, they can
be configured for a value between 1 and 255. In Figure , RTC
can be configured using the commands shown:
RTC(config)#router eigrp 2446
RTC(config-router)#no auto-summary
RTC(config-router)#exit
RTC(config)#interface
serial 0/0
RTC(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp
2446 2.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 Therefore, RTC will add a route to
its table as follows: D 2.1.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:00:22,
Null0 Notice that the summary route is sourced from Null0 and
not from an actual interface. This is because this route is
used for advertisement purposes and does not represent a path
that RTC can take to reach that network. On RTC, this route has
an administrative distance of 5. RTD is not aware of the
summarization but accepts the route. The route is assigned the
administrative distance of a normal EIGRP route, which is 90 by
default. In the configuration for RTC, auto-summarization is
turned off with the no auto-summary command. If
auto-summarization was not turned off, RTD would receive two
routes, the manual summary address, which is 2.1.0.0 /16, and
the automatic, classful summary address, which is 2.0.0.0 /8.
In most cases when manually summarizing, the no
auto-summary command should be issued.
Content
3.2 EIGRP Configuration 3.2.3 Verifying basic
EIGRP Verifying EIGRP operation is performed by the use of